The south wall of the Maja Harapit is 800 metres (2,600 ft) high, making it the highest rock face on the Balkan Peninsula. The valleys were formed by Ice Age glaciers, which created very steep walls and hollows up to 1,000 metres (3,300 ft) deep. The Kalktafel of the Accursed Mountains is cut deeply with valleys in a variety of rock blocks of the mountains north of Përroi i Thatë, the Biga e Gimajive south of it, the Jezerca block between Shala and Valbona valley, the massif of the Maja e Hekurave, the plateau of the Maja e Kolats north of Valbona and Shkëlzen northeast of Valbona. In the eastern Accursed Mountains in addition to the limestone and dolomite series, there are rocks from the late Palaeozoic and Triassic periods, medium- Triassic volcanic rocks and Jurassic metamorphic rocks. In the western and central parts of the range the composition of the mountains is of mainly uniform with Mesozoic limestones and dolomites of the Jurassic and Cretaceous ages.
This tectonic crash produced the unusual zig-zag shape of the Accursed Mountains range, and also their curving from the dominant Dinaric northwestern – southeastern direction toward the northeastern one. In some areas, the Accursed Mountains run almost parallel with the Šar Mountains in North Macedonia, Albania and Kosovo. It is one of the rare mountain ranges in Europe that has not been explored entirely. The Accursed Mountains are a large, rugged, pathless range. They have very steep limestone slopes with abundant karst features. After the Alps, these mountains are the most glaciated in Europe south of the Scandinavian ice sheet. Nowhere in the Balkans have glaciers left so much evidence of erosion. The range was formed by the folding resulting from the collision of the African and Eurasian plates. Most of the area was modified by glacial activity with karstic areas in the western parts. The valleys show characteristic effects of Pleistocene glaciation. The eastern mountains are less rugged with lower relief. Overhanging walls and ridges forming pointed peaks are typical of the western and central Accursed Mountains. Maximum relief differences of 1,800 metres (5,900 ft) are found in the Valbona, Grbaja and Ropojani and Cem Valley. The Accursed Mountains are a typical Dinaric Karst high mountain range with a pronounced steep topography and glacial features. Maja Harapit – 1000m unscaled wall face, as seen from Thethi Names of various Albanian tribes ( Hoti, Gruda, Kelmendi, Kastrati, Dukagjini, Shkreli, Shala, Nikaj, Krasniqi, Gashi, Kuci and Rugova) refer to their geographical locations within the range. The Accursed Mountains are ethnographically and sociologically diverse due to many tribes living in the region as sheep herders. The Accursed Mountains finish in the area of upper Ibar river valley near the city of Mitrovica, just after the Suva Planina (1,750 metres (5,740 ft)) massif that encircles Dukagjin basin from the north and northwest.
From here, the Accursed Mountains turn northwards over the Bogićevića massif and Čakor pass, and continue with another row of mountains. Some authors, however, see the river Lim as the northern boundary of the Accursed Mountains in geological terms.įrom Lake Skadar, the mountains stretch northeast along the Cem (river) area, then curve slightly to the east in the direction of Gjervica summit above western Kosovo (450m) basin. In a broader sense the Accursed Mountains also include the mountain ranges to Mitrovica with the Hajla and Mokna massifs. The southern boundary of the Accursed Mountains is found at the river Drin and its tributary Valbona. These points are at 42☄5' and 42☁5' N in the Mediterranean zone of the western Balkan Peninsula. The Accursed Mountains, the southernmost part of the Dinaric Alps, stretch more than 60 kilometres (40 mi) from Lake Skadar along the Montenegrin–Albanian border in the southwest to Kosovo in the northeast. The mountain range is also known as the Alpet Shqiptare, meaning "Albanian Alps". īoth in Serbian Проклетије ( Prokletije) and in Albanian Bjeshkët e Nemuna mean "the accursed (mountains)", possibly because they are perceived as insurmountable and wild. Bertiscus lives on artificially in the form bertiscae in the scientific names for endemic species that have their locus classicus in the mountains, such as Valeriana bertiscae, Crepis bertiscae and Iris bertiscae. Ptolemy mentioned Mons Bertiscus, which has been connected to the Accursed Mountains.
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